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by marleed


Just for the fun and humiliation of it, get out a pencil and paper and see how you do on this 8th grade final exam.

8th Grade Final Exam: Salina, Kansas - 1895

This is the eighth-grade final exam* from 1895 from Salina, Kansas. It was taken from the original document on file at the Smoky Valley Genealogical Society and Library in Salina, Kansas and reprinted by the Salina Journal.

Grammar (Time, one hour)

1. Give nine rules for the use of Capital Letters.
2. Name the Parts of Speech and define those that have no modifications.
3. Define Verse, Stanza and Paragraph.
4. What are the Principal Parts of a verb? Give Principal Parts of do, lie, lay and run.
5. Define Case, Illustrate each Case.
6. What is Punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of Punctuation.
7-10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.

 

Arithmetic (Time, 1.25 hours)

1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.
2. A wagon box is 2 ft. deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?
3. If a load of wheat weighs 3942 lbs., what is it worth at 50cts. per bu, deducting 1050 lbs. for tare?
4. District No. 33 has a valuation of $35,000. What is the necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month, and have $104 for incidentals?
5. Find cost of 6720 lbs. coal at $6.00 per ton.
6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.
7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft. long at $.20 per inch?
8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.
9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance around which is 640 rods?
10.Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.

U.S. History (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.
2. Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus.
3. Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.
4. Show the territorial growth of the United States.
5. Tell what you can of the history of Kansas.
6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.
7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?
8. Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1800, 1849, and 1865?

Orthography (Time, one hour)

1. What is meant by the following: Alphabet, phonetic orthography, etymology, syllabication?
2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?
3. What are the following, and give examples of each: Trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals?
4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u'.
5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e'. Name two exceptions under each rule.
6. Give two uses of silent letters in spelling. Illustrate each.
7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: Bi, dis, mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, super.
8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: Card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.
9. Use the following correctly in sentences, Cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane, vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.
10.Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.

Geography (Time, one hour)

1. What is climate? Upon what does climate depend?
2. How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas?
3. Of what use are rivers? Of what use is the ocean?
4. Describe the mountains of N.A.
5. Name and describe the following: Monrovia, Odessa, Denver, Manitoba, Hecla, Yukon, St. Helena, Juan Fermandez, Aspinwall and Orinoco.
6. Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S.
7. Name all the republics of Europe and give capital of each.
8. Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?
9. Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns to the sources of rivers.
10.Describe the movements of the earth. Give inclination of the earth.

Want to guess what percentage of high school seniors could pass this exam today? These statistics might help you give an intelligent estimate. (statistics as of Sept. 2007)

  • 42 million American adults can't read at all; 50 million are unable to read at a higher level that is expected of a fourth or fifth grader.
  • The number of adults that are classified as functionally illiterate increases by about 2.25 million each year.
  • 20 percent of high school seniors can be classified as being functionally illiterate at the time they graduate.
We clearly have a problem that isn't going to be solved by the customary "throw more money at it" strategy.  It's also not going to be solved by strengthening teachers' unions which seem to do little more than reward mediocrity (if even that). Charter schools and school choice would seem to hold promise if either one of those options is allowed to survive.

12/18/2008, 13:38
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by marleed


I had no intention of bringing up the flying shoe incident again, but it seems that the footwear  belonging to Muntazer al-Zaidi has taken on a life of its own.

Call it product placement. Across the Middle East, rival shoemakers have claimed it was they who created the footwear flung at U.S. President George W. Bush by an angry Iraqi and immortalised by TV cameras.

For many, reporter Muntazer al-Zaidi is a hero for the attack on Bush, and some of the glory seems to have rubbed off on the shoes that almost connected with the presidential head.

Suggestions have been made that they came from cobblers in Turkey or Lebanon -- or, like most of the shoes in Iraq, are Chinese-made. But Wednesday, the brother of Zaidi dismissed such reports:

"One hundred percent they are Iraqi-made shoes," Udai al-Zaidi told Reuters. "His shoes are not Chinese, nor Turkish."

Udai said they came from the Baghdad factory of Iraqi shoemaker Alaa Haddad, viewed as among the country's best.

Turkish newspaper Yeni Safak reported Turkish businessman Ramazan Baydan had made the shoes and carried a front page picture of the design, alongside the headline "Made in Turkey."

Baydan said he had designed the style in 1999, and orders from Iraq had increased by 100 percent since the Bush incident.

"If it had hit Bush's head it wouldn't have hurt him," he said of his shoe, apparently referring to the softness of the leather.

The Lebanese newspaper as-Safir bore a frontpage photo showing Zaidi during a visit to Beirut in November with an accompanying headline: "Did he buy the shoes in Beirut?"

Obviously if journalism doesn't work out for Zaidi, he can always get a job hawking shoes!  The level of interest this incident has produced in the Middle East is rather remarkable.  With  all the chest pounding and back slapping going on you'd think the Arab world had just liberated 30 million people or something .  .  . No, wait! That was us.  Oh well, I guess you've got to give them credit for enthusiasm, though I think their sense of pride is misplaced.


More than 1,000 lawyers have offered to defend him, said his attorney, Dhiaa al-Saadi, head of the Iraqi lawyer's association. Support for Zaidi continued to flow in from around the region Wednesday.

A senior Iranian cleric, who is supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's representative in Syria, praised him for a "very important and historic" act, according to Iran's official IRNA news agency.

"Up until the (Islamic) revolution (in Iran) America bullied as it wished and no one thought there would come a day when a reporter would throw a shoe at the president of the world's superpower," Hosseini said in a mosque in Syria.

Pssst, Hosseini!  The truth of the matter is, it wasn't the Islamic revolution that enabled the reporter to pitch his shoes at the President.  It had a lot more to do with Operation Iraqi Freedom.  Furthermore, you're not quite there yet.  You'll have real cause to celebrate when a reporter tosses his shoes at the likes of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad .  .  .  and lives to write about it!

Update:  The Iraqi Ambassador to the U.S. seems to agree with me.

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Ambassador Samir Sumaida’ie is to be commended for his willingness to speak out. I hope his voice can be heard above the hostile din .

12/17/2008, 22:55
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by marleed




.  .  .  Speaks for itself!

12/17/2008, 14:01
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by marleed

When the price of gasoline went down, so did state gas tax revenues.  It's kind of like what happens to you when your hours get cut at work  (unless you're in the right union, of course).  But rather than a cut in spending, which most of us would be forced do, the state stays up at night thinking of new ways to increase revenues.  Too bad the state can't get a job at Burger King to supplement its income.  Of course that's silly, a state can't do that! .  .  . but YOU can.  This makes the state very happy because as suddenly there's more of your income to tax. Yippee! Now the state of North Carolina  was suffering from diminishing gasoline tax revenues, but luckily someone in their "Finding New Ways to Screw The People" department came up with a tax to supplement the waning gas tax revenues. 

With gas-tax revenues plummeting, the state of North Carolina is looking seriously at taxing motorists for how far they drive.

If the “road-use tax” is implemented, it would at first be simple – with the state checking your odometer annually and taxing you based on how many miles you have driven. But transportation experts say new GPS technology could allow the state to charge people different rates based on when and where they drive, in an attempt to manage congestion.

Talk of a Vehicle Miles Traveled tax has long been discussed as a necessity in a decade or so, because cars are becoming more fuel efficient, and states and the federal government are losing gas-tax revenue.

But there is now a sense of urgency about the new VMT tax. When gas hit $4 a gallon this summer, Americans sharply curtailed their driving. And when the economy cratered this fall, the driving rollback continued, even when gas prices plummeted.

The 21st Century Transportation Committee suggested that, in addition to the gas tax, motorists pay a quarter-cent for each mile they drive, with the first 2,000 miles annually free. A motorist who drives 12,000 miles a year would pay $25 – possibly due when the driver gets the car inspected.

It's unlikely the General Assembly will add a new tax in 2009, during a recession.

But the N.C. Department of Transportation will need help soon. Revenue from the motor fuel tax of 29.9 cents per gallon is down 12 percent this year, and the state expects a three-year loss of $580 million.

Doesn't that sound positively peachy?  I was just thinking to myself the other day that what I need in my life is another tax.  And the extra joy of being required to have my odometer checked yearly by someone at the DMV, well .  .  .  I'm speechless.  Fortunately, I don't live in North Carolina, but good news travels fast.  We could soon see programs like this implemented in all 57 states!

Has it not occurred to the people running this insane asylum that in all likelihood in the not too distant future, though they will not have run out of things to tax, we the people will have run out of money?

It's been a long time since we had a Tea Party.  I propose we have another one, very soon, Boston Harbor .  .  .  only this time let's throw our governmental officials and bureaucrats overboard.

.  .  .  See you there!


12/16/2008, 21:45
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by marleed


The reaction to the shoe tossing incident has been somewhat predictable.  Kieth Olbermann gets more giddy every time he replays the video (which is almost constantly). And the Arab world is supportive of al-Zaidi the Shoe Thrower, marching, chanting, burning American flags, defacing posters of President Bush, and on the Arab equivalent of eBay bidding for what have become almost sacred shoes.

A Saudi businessman has offered $10million for one of the shoes, Saudi television has reported.

Hasan Mohammad Makhaffa, who owns lands and properties south-west of Saudi Arabia, claims the sum he offered is an auction 'starting price'.

Makhafa, 60, a retired teacher said: 'I consider the shoes the most precious of all my real estate and property, and I will leave them behind as inheritance for my children, to become the shrine, a Medal of Freedom.'

Meanwhile, thousands of Iraqis took to the streets again today to demand the release of the journalist.

Mr Zaidi had yelled 'This is a farewell kiss, you dog. This is from the widows, the orphans and those who were killed in Iraq,' as he hurled the footwear during a press conference in Baghdad on Sunday.

An Iraqi government official says the journalist has been handed over to the Iraqi military command in Baghdad.

There are many photos of the demonstrations and protests on this linked article. Believing that there are at least two viewpoints to every story, I went to find pictures of  Muslims marching in support of George Bush.  I found none. So much for the moderate Muslim point of view. I guess they don't have one.

It is also claimed that Zaidi, who is now in prison, is suffering from a broken arm (God, I hope it wasn't his throwing arm!) and broken ribs.  It's not clear whether he received these injuries while being apprehended or if someone beat the snot out of him since then.  My money's on those American dogs that run the prison!  Remember Abu Grhaib!!!!!


12/16/2008, 17:27
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by marleed


The headline reads: Mexico Opens Helpline for Migrants to Arizona.  This is only slightly deceptive, as I suppose Mexican illegals, as they are loathe to be called, can probably be classified as "migrants" of a sort (kind of like Canadian geese).  This particular helpline was setup specifically to help Mexicans who entered and are living in Arizona illegally.

Officials at the Mexican consulate in Tucson said they opened the center last week. It is available 24-hours-a-day to field complaints from Mexican nationals about their treatment in the border state, where as many as half a million illegal immigrants live and work in the shadows.

"We want to offer a human voice at the other end of the line, so they can feel protected and know that someone is here for them," Alejandro Ramos, head of the consulate's Department of Protection, told Reuters.

Feelings run high about illegal immigration in the United States, where an estimated 12 million undocumented workers and their children hide from authorities.

After the U.S. government failed to pass legislation overhauling immigration laws last year, many U.S. states and some local authorities have acted to clamp down on illegal immigrants, including Arizona, which passed a law to block the hiring of illegal workers.

Ramos said that these and other anti-immigrant measures are responsible for a hike in the number of calls to the five Arizona consulates. A combined 2,400 calls are logged each week.

"We're getting more and more calls from people requiring our services," Ramos said. "One of the factors is that, in a way, life has become harsher for them in the state of Arizona."

That brought a tear to my eye .  .  .  No, wait, it was just a piece of dust under my contact!  Let me offer my support to the helpline if they're handing out free bus tickets back to Mexico.  Pardon us for enforcing the law!  I'm sorry if that makes your life on the lam more difficult.  Today, more than ever, illegals living in this country (from ANYWHERE) are destroying us.  With the jobless rate on the rise, I suspect that even the claim that these hardworking felons are performing a service to the US by doing jobs that Americans won't do . . . is bogus.  The list of jobs that Americans will do got considerably longer when the unemployment rate approached 10%.  As for life becoming harsher for the undocumented among us,  compared to life in Mexico where you can step out the door to grab your morning paper and find a severed head instead, I'd say things aren't all that bad.  I realize that returning home to a country that's full of violence, graft and corruption isn't all that attractive, but it's the Mexicans responsibility to fix it.  If Mexico is ever to prosper, it needs an active, motivated citizenry willing to take a stand against the crime and corruption.  So go home, and take back your country. And meanwhile, we will do our best to take back ours!

12/16/2008, 13:19
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